%PDF-1.2 %туЯг 10 0 obj << /Length 11 0 R >> stream BT 43.92 726.6 TD 0 0 0 rg /F0 12 Tf -0.009 Tc 0.033 Tw (College of Natural Resources Policy Analysis Group) Tj 0 -14.28 TD /F1 11.04 Tf -0.0136 Tc 0.0645 Tw ( Jay O\222Laughlin, Director) Tj 0 -14.16 TD /F1 9.96 Tf -0.0134 Tc 0.0046 Tw ( P.O. Box 441134, ЙњВњ91av, Moscow, ID 83844-1134) Tj 0 -13.68 TD -0.0148 Tc 0.0059 Tw ( Phone: 208-885-5776 e-mail: jayo@uidaho.edu ) Tj 0 -13.56 TD -0.0154 Tc 0.0065 Tw ( FAX: 208-885-6226 website: http://www.cnr.uidaho.edu/pag ) Tj 342 32.52 TD /F1 11.04 Tf -0.0038 Tc 0.0547 Tw ( College of Natural Resources ) Tj 0 -15.24 TD -0.0116 Tc 0.0625 Tw ( Experiment Station) Tj -18 -15.24 TD -0.0185 Tc 0.0693 Tw ( Steven B. Daley Laursen, Director) Tj -190.92 -618.84 TD /F1 8.04 Tf -0.0083 Tc 0.0532 Tw (College of Natural Resources Policy Analysis Group \226 ЙњВњ91av) Tj -79.32 -13.8 TD -0.004 Tc 0.0489 Tw (Established by the Idaho legislature in 1989 to provide objective analysis of the impacts of natural resource proposals.) 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№џџР№џџР€јџџР?р?ќџџР№ўџџРјџўџџРџќџџ€џџРџџџџ€џџРџџ€џџРџџРџџР?џџРџџРџџрџџрџџРџџ№џџџ№џџРџџќџџјџџР?џџќ?џџјџџР?џџјџџќџџРџџ№џџўџџРџџџрџџџџџРџџџРџџџџџРџџџРџџџ€џџРџџџ€џџџРџџРџџџџџџрџџРџџџџџџрџџРџџўџџ№џџРџџќ?џџјџџР?џџќ?џџќџџР?џџјџџќџџРџџ№џџўџџРџџџр8џџџџџСџџџрќџџџџџСџџџ€xўџџџ‡џџУџџџ€|ўџџџ‡џџУџџџўџџџџЧџџЧџџџџџ€џџџчџџЯџџўџР?џ€џџїџџџџџќџрџџР?џџџџџџџџјџјџџрџџџџџџџџјџќџџрџџџџџџџџ№џџџџ№џџџџџџџџрџџ€џџјџџџџџџџџР?џџРџџќџџџџџџџџРџџрџџќџџџџџџџџ€џџрџџўџџџџџџџџ€џџџрџџўџџџРџџџџџџРџџџ€џџ€џџўџџџ€џџџ€џџРџџќџџџ€џџџР?џџРџџјџџџџџџрџџрџџјџџўџџ№џџрџџ№џџќ?џџ№џџрџџ№џџќ?џџјџџрџџр?џџ№џџќџџрџџрџџ№џџўџџ№џџРџџрџџўџџ№џџРџџџрџџџџџ№џџРџџџРџџџџџ№џџРџџџ€џџџ€џџ№џџРџџџџџџРџџ№џџРџџџџџџрџџ№џџРџџўџџ№џџ№џџРџџќ?џџјџџрџџр?џџјџџќџџрџџр?џџјџјџџќ?џџрџџ№џџ№џј?џР€џџў?џџрџџ№џџџ№џј?џР№џџџџџрџџјџџџр€џј?џРўџџџ€џџџРџџўџџџР€џј?џРџРџўџРџџџрџџџРџџџџџџ€џ€џј?џРџРџўџјџјџџџјџџџРџџџРџџџџРџј?џРџРџўџјџџџџџџџџџџ€џџџџџџџў?џрџј?џРџРџўџјџџрџџџџџџџ€џџџџџџџќџџрџј?џРџРџўџјџџќџџџџџџџџџџџџџџќџџрџј?џРџРџўџј?џџџ€?џџџџџџўџџџџџџџјџџџ№џј?џРџРџўџј?џџџ№џџџџџџўџџџџџџџ№џџџ№џј?џРџјџРџўџј?џџџўџџџџџџќџџџџџџр?џџџ№џј?џРџјџрџРџўџј?џџџџџџџџџџќџџџџџџрџџџџ№џј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџјџџџџџџџџџџџ№?џџџџџџЧџџџџјџј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџјџџџџџџџџџџџ№џџџџџџџџџџџјџј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџјџџџџџџџџџџџрџџџџџџџџџџџјџј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџјџџџџџџџџџџџџРџџџџџџџџџџџќџј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџјџџџџџџџџџџџџ€џџџџџџџџџџџќџј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџјџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџќџј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџјџџџџџџџџџџџќџџџџџџџџџџџўџј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџјџџџџџџџџџџџј?џџџџџџџџџџўџј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџјџџџџџчџџџџрџџџџџџџџџџўџј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџј?џџџџџчџџџџрџџџџпџџџџџўџј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџјџџџџџСџџџџ€џџџџџџџџџјџј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџјџџџџРџџџўџџџўџџџџџ€џј?џРџјџрџјџРџўџјџџџџР?џџјџџќџџџџќџј?џРџрџјџРџўџјџџџџ€џџРџџрџџџџ№џј?џРџјџРџўџј?џџџ€џќџџ€џџџџџј?џРџјџРџўџјџџџ€№џџџјџј?џРџјџРџўџјџџџџџџРџј?џР?€џјџР?џ№џўџјџџџџўџј?џРџџџћџќџџџ№џџрџјџ€џРџџџ€џўџџџјџ€џ№џўџџрџј?џР?џ€џџџРџљџќџўџџџ€?џррџџќџсџџџџџр?џ€џРџџџ№џўџџџјџјџџќџџџ€?ўџџџј?џР?џƒџџџјџљџќџўџџџ№?џррџџџџРџсџџџџџрџрџџ€џРџџџќџўџџџџџјџџџџ€џџџ№ўџќџј?џР?џƒџџџќџљџќџў?џџџј?џрџ№џџџџрџсџџџџџрџрџџ€џРџџџџўџў?џџџџ€џљџџџџРџџџјџџ€џрџј?џР?џџџџўџјџўџќџџџў?џуџ№џџџџ№џсџџџџџ№џрџџ€џРџџџџџџўџџџџџРџџџџџџ№?џџџўџџјџџџј?џР?џŸџџџџ€џјџўџќџџџџџ€?џяџ№џџџџќџсџџџџџ№џРџџ€џРџџџџџџўџџџџџ№џџџџџџјџџџџџ€џџўџџўџј?џР?џџџџџџРџјџўџќџџџџџР?џџџ№?џџџџўџсџџџџџ№џРџџ€џРџџџџџџўџџџџџјџџџџџџќџџџџџРџџџ€џџџрџј?џР?џџџџџџрџјџџјџџџџџ№?џџџ№џџџџџџсџџџџџјџРџџ€џРџџџџџџўџџџџџќџџџџџџўџџџџџ№џџџџрџџџќџј?џР?џџџџџџрџјџџјџџџџџј?џџџ№џџџџџџ€џсџџџџџќ?џ€џџ€џР?џџџџџџўџџџџџќџџџџџџџџџџџџј?џџџџ№џџџџ€џј?џР?џџџџџџ№џјџџј?џџџџџќ?џџџёџџџџџџРџсџџџџџќ?џ€џџ€џРџџџџџџџў?џџџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџќџџџџџќџџџџ№џј?џР?џџўџџјџј?џ€џ№џџџџќ?џџџёџџјџџрџсџџџџџќ?џџРџРџџџЧџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџ€?џџџџџўџџџџџўџџџџџџџј?џР?џџрџџјџј?џРџ№џјџў?џџџѓџџ€џџ№џсџџџџџўџџ€џРџџјџџўџјџџџџў?џџ€џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџрџј?џР?џџ?џќџјџРџрџџРџџ?џџџѓџўџ№џрџ№џўџџџРџџРџџўџџрџџџџ№џџРџџјџџ€џџџџџџџ€џџџџџџ№џј?џР?џџ?џќџјџРџрџџРџџ?џџџ‡џќ?џ№џрџ№џўџџџРџџРџџўџџРџџџџрџџРџџрџџРџџџџџџџ€џџџџџџџџј?џР?џќџўџјџРџСџџџџ€?џџ№џјџјџрџ№џџџўўџРџџџџўџџ€џџ€џџРџџРџџ€џџРџџџџџџџџРџџџџџџџрџј?џР?џќџўџјџрџСџўџР?џџ€џ№џјџрџ№џџќўџРџўџўџџџ€џџџрџџџрџџџџџџџџрџџџџџџџќџј?џР?џјџўџјџрџУџќ?џР?џўџ№џјџрџ№џџќўџРџќ?џўџџ?џРџў?џрџў?џ№џџџџџџџџ№џџџџџџџџ€џј?џР?џ№џџџјџр?џƒџјџР?џќџ№џќџрџ№џџќўџРџјџўџў?џРџў?џ№џќџ№џџџџџџџџџ№?џџџџџџџџјџј?џР?џрџџџјџ№?џ‡џјџр?џјџрџќџрџ№?џ€џјўџџџРџРџјџўџў?џРџќџ№џјџјџџџџџџџџџј?џџџџџџџџџџј?џР?џрџџџјџ№?џ‡џ№џ№?џ№џрџќџрџ№?џ€џјџџ№џџџРџРџ№џўџў?џРџќџ№џјџјџџџџџџџџџјџџџџџџџџџРџј?џР?џРџџџјџ№џџ№џ№?џ№џ№џќџрџ№џ€џјџџќџџџРџРџрџўџќ?џРџќџ№џ№џќџџџџџџџџџќџџџџџџџџџРџј?џР?џРџџџјџјџџрџ№?џрџ№џрџ№џРџ№џџџџџџРџР?џрџўџќ?џРџјџ№џ№џќџџџџџџџџџќџџџџџџџџџџ€џј?џР?џРџџџјџјџџџрџј?џрџјџрџ№џРџ№џџџ€џџџРџР?џРџўџќ?џРџјџ№?џрџўџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџџџџџџ€џј?џР?џРџџјџјџўџрџј?џрџќџрџ№џРџрџџџџрџџџРџР?џРџўџј?џРџјџ№?џрџўџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџџџџџџ€џј?џР?џРџџјџќџўџрџј?џрџќџрџ№џрџрџџџџрџџџРџР?џРџўџјџРџјџј?џРџўџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџџџџџџ€џј?џР?џ€џџјџќџўџРџј?џрџџ€џрџ№џрџрџџџџјџџџРџРџ€џўџџРџјџј?џРџџџџџџџў?џџџџџџџџџџџџџџј?џР?џ€џџјџќџќџРџќ?џрџџ№џрџ№џрџрџџџџќџџџРџРџ€џўџџРџјџјџРџџџџџџџ€џџџ€џџџРџџџџџџј?џР?џ€џџјџўџќ?џџџџџџџќ?џрџџџџрџ№џ№џРџјџўўџРџ€џўџџџРџјџјџРџџџџџџќџџџ€џџџџџџџџџј?џР?џ€џџјџўџќ?џџџџџџџќ?џрџџџ№џрџ№џ№џРџрџўўџРџ€џўџџџџРџјџјџ€џџџџџџрџџ€џџќџџџџўџј?џР?џ€џџјўџј?џџџџџџџќ?џрџџџџ€џрџ№џ№џРџРџўџРџџў?џџџџРџјџјџ€џџ€џџџў?џџ€џџјџџџўџј?џР?џ€џџјџџј?џџџџџџџќ?џрџџџџјџрџ№џјџ€?џ€џўџРџџўџџџџџРџјџјџ€џџ€џџџ№?џџРџџ№џџџўџј?џР?џ€џџј?џџј?џџџџџџџќ?џрџџџџџ€џрџ№џјџ€џџ€ўџРџџџў?џџџџџРџјџјџџ€џџ€џџџ€џџРџџр?џџќџј?џР?џ€џџј?џџ№?џџџџџџџќ?џрџџџџџрџрџ№џјџўџРўџРџџџўџџџџџџРџјџјџџ€џџ€џќџџРџџрџџќџј?џР?џ€џџј?џ€џ№?џџџџџџџќ?џрџџџџќџрџ№џќ?џџўџРўџРџџџўџџџџџџРџјџјџџ€џџ€џРџџРџџРџџќџј?џР?џ€џџјџ€џр?џџџџџџџќ?џр?џџџџўџрџ№џќџџўџРўџРџџџўџџџџџџРџјџјџџ€џ€џ€џџРџџР?џјџј?џР?џ€џџјџ€џр?џџџџџџџў?џрџџџџџџрџ№џќўџќџрўџРџџџўџџџџџџРџјџјџџ€џ€јџџрџџРџјџј?џР?џ€џџјџРџр?џџџџџџџў?џрџџџџџ€џрџ№џќўџќџрўџРџџџў?џџџџџџРџјџјџџ€џ€?РџџрџџРџјџј?џР?џ€џџјџРџр?џџџџџџџў?џрџџџџџРџрџ№ўўџќџрўџРџџџўџџџџџРџјџјџџ€џ€>џџрџџ€№џј?џР?џ€џџјџРџР?џџџџџџџў?џр?џџџџ№џрџ№ўџќџќџрўџРџџџўџџџџрџРџјџјџџ€џ€џџрџџ€№џј?џР?џ€џџјџРџР?џР?џрџџџџјџрџ№ўџќџјџ№ўџРџџџўџџџ№џРџјџјџџ€џ€џџрџџ€0џј?џ€?џ€џџјџр?џ€?џР?џр?џџџјџрџ№?џџќџјџ№ўџРџџџўџџќџРџјџјџџ€џ€џџрџџ€џј?џ€?џ€џџјџ№?џ€?џР?џрџџџќџрџ№?џџјџјџ№ўџРџџџўџџрџРџјџјџџ€џ€џџрџџ€џј?џ€?џ€џџјџ№?џ?џР?џрџџќџрџ№?џџ№џјџ№ўџРџџўџџ€џРџјџјџџ€џџ€џџрџџРџј?џ€?џ€џџјџ№џ?џР?џрџўџрџ№џџ№џ№џ№ўџРџџўџўџРџјџјџџ€џџ€џџрџџРџј?џ€?џ€џџјџјџ?џР?џрџўџрџ№џУџ№џ№џ№ўџРџ€џўџјџРџјџјџџ€џџ€џџрџџРџј?џ€?џ€џџјџјўџР?џрџўџрџ№џУџ№џ№џ№ўџРџ€џўџјџРџјџјџ€џџ€?џџРџџрџќџ€?џ€џџјџјўџР?џрџўџрџ№џУџрџ№џ№ўџРџ€џўџ№џРџјџјџ€џџџџРџџ№џќџ€?џ€џџјџјџўџр?џрџўџрџ№џЧџрџ№џ№ўџРџ€џўџ№џРџјџјџ€џџџџџРџџјџќџ?џ€џџјџќџќџр?џрџџџрџ№џчџрџјџ№ўџРџРџўџ№џРџјџјџРџџџџџРџџўџўџџ?џ€џџјџќџќџрџј?џрџрџџџрџ№џчџРџјџ№ўџР?џРџўџр?џРџјџјџРџџџџџРџџџџџџџ?џ€џџјџ§џќџрџ№?џрџрџџџрџ№џяџРџјџ№ўџР?џРџў?џр?џРџјџј?џРџџ?џџџ€џџџРџџџў?џ€џџјџџџјџ№џ№?џрџрџўџрџ№џџџ€џјџ№ўџР?џрџў?џр?џРџјџј?џРџўџџџџ€џќџџџјџџ€џў?џ€џџјџџјџ№џ№?џрџ№џўџрџ№џџџ€џјџ№ўџР?џрџў?џр?џРџјџј?џрџўџџџџџџ№џџџџџџРџў?џ€џџј?џџ№џј?џр?џрџ№џўџрџ№џџџ€џќџ№ўџРџ№џў?џрџРџјџјџрџўџџџџўџџџўџџџџрџрџќ?џ€џџј?џџ№џќ?џР?џрџјџўџрџ№џџџџќџрўџРџјџў?џрџРџјџјџ№џќџџџџўџџџџ€џџџџќџ№џќ?џ€џџј?џџ№џќџР?џрџјџўџрџ№џџџџќџрўџРџјџў?џрџџРџјџјџ№џјџџџџўџџџџРџџџџџ?џј?џј?џ€џџј?џџрџўџР?џрџќџўџрџ№џџџџќџрўџРџќ?џў?џ№џџРџјџјџјџјџџџџџќџџџџрџџџџџ№?џўџџј?џ€џџјџџрџџџџ€?џрџўџќџрџјџџўџўџрўџРџўџўџ№џџРџјџјџјџјџџџџџјџџџџјџџџџўџџРџџ№?џ€џџјџџрџџРџџ?џрџџџќџрџјџџўџўџРўџРџџџџўџ№џџРџјџјџќџ№џџџџџџ№џџџџџўџџџџџРџџџџџџџр?џ€џџјџџРџџ№џџ?џрџџ€џјџрџўџџўџџџРўџРџџ€џџўџјџџРџјџјџў?џрџџџџџџ№џџџџџџ?џџџџџќџџџџџџџР?џ€џџјџџРџўџџў?џрџџ№?џјџрџџџџќџџРўџРџџРџџўџќџџрџјџјџџџр?џџџџџџрџџџџџџ€џџџџџџ€џџџџџџџ€?џ€џџјџџР?џџџџџќ?џрџџџџџ№џрџџџџќџ€?џ€ўџРџџјџџўџўџџ№џјџјџџРџџРџџџџџџџРџџџџџџРџџџџџџ№џџџџџџџ?џ€џџјџџ€?џџџџџј?џрџџџџџрџрџџџ?џќ?џРџ€ўџРџџџƒџџџўџџ€џџџќџјџјџџ№џџ€џџџџџџџџџџџџџРџџџџџџўџџџџџџў?џ€џџјџџ€џџџџџј?џрџџџџџРџрџџџ?џјџ№џџўџРџџџџџџџўџџрџџџџЯџјџјџќџџ€?џџџџџџўџџџџџџрџџџџџџџрџџџџџќ?џ€џџјџџџџџџџр?џр?џџџџџ€џрџџџ?џјџўџўўџРџџџџџџўџџџџџџџџЯџјџјџџџџџџџџџџџџќ?џџџџџџ№џџџџџџџрџџџџџј?џ€џџјџџџџџџџР?џрџџџџџџрџџџјџџџџўўџР?џџџџџџўџџџџџџџџЯџјџј?џџџџџўџџџџџџ№?џџџџџџ№џџџџџџџрџџџџџ№?џ€џџјџџџџџџџР?џрџџџџўџрџџџ№џџџџќўџР?џџџџ§џўџџџџџџџџЯџјџјџџџџџќџџџџџџрџџџџџџј?џџџџџџрџџџџџР?џ€џџјџџџџџџџ?џрџџџџќџр?џџџ№џџџџјўџРџџџџќџўџџџџџяџџЯџјџјџџџџџјџџџџџџ№џџџџџџј?џџџџџџрџџџџџ?џ€џџјџў?џџџќ?џрџџџџ№џрџџџ№џџџџ№ўџРџџџџјџўџџџџЯџџЯџјџјџџџџџ№џџџџџџќџџџџџџџќџџџџџџџР?џџџјџџџ№?џрџџџРџрџџџрџџџџрўџРџџџџрџў?џџџџџџЯџјџјџџџџџРџџџџџџџџџџџџџџќџџџџџџџРџџџРџџџ€џџџ?џџр?џџџ€ўџРџџџџРџўџџџўџџЯџјџјџџџџ€џџџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџџџРџџќџ№џџјџрџџџўџРџџџџўџџџјџџЯџјџј?џџџўџџџџј?џСџџџџџџџўџсџџџџџ€|џ€џРџџќџџќџџџррџјџџџјџџџџРџѓџџџј?џџџџ№?џџџџ€џ€џџрџџрџџ€џџџРџџџќџћџџџ€џџџ?џ№џџџџ€џ€ўќџј?џќџџџрџџџџџўџџџџџќџџџџџ€?€џџџџџџџџќџџџџџќџџџџџџќџџџџџќџџџџџўџџџ?џџџрџџџџџјџџџџўџџўџўџџџџџџџ№џџџџџџўџџўџ№џџџџџ№?џџџџџ€џќџџќџ€џџџџџрџџџџџРќџџќќџџџџџрџџџџџрќџџј@?џџџџџрџџџџџрјџџјџџїџџрџџџџџ№џџ№џџџчџџРџџПџџјџџрџџџчџџРџџŸџџјџџРџџџЧџџРџџŸџџќџџ€џџџЧџџРџџџџўџўџџџ‡џџРџџ‡џџџџрџџџџџРџџ‡џџџџџўџџРџџƒџџџ€џџўџџРџџџџџР?џџќџџРџџџџџр?џџјџџРџџ€џџџрџџ№џџРџџ€џџ№џџџрџџРџџ€?џџјџџџРџџРџџ€џџќџџџРџџРџџ€џџќџџџ€џџРџџ€џџўџџџ€џџРџџ€џџўџџџџџРџџ€џџџџџўџџРџџ€џџџ€џџќџџРџџ€џџџР?џџќџџРџџ€џџџрџџјџџРџџ€џџџрџџ№џџРџџ€џџ€џџрџџРџџ€?џџџџРџџРџџ€?џўџРџџРџџ€џќ?џ€џџРџџ€џјџџџРџџ€џрўџџРџџ€џРўџџРџџ€џќџџРџџ€ўxџџРџџ€јџџРџџ€pџџРџџ€@џџРџџ€џџРџџ€џџРџџ€џџРџџ€џџРџџ€џџРџџ€џџРџџ€џџРџџ€џџРџџ€џџРџџ€џџРџџ€ 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The clear) Tj T* 0.02 Tc 0.004 Tw (logic of the breaching proposition is perhaps too simple, however, as there are other) Tj T* 0.0237 Tc 0 Tw (factors affecting salmon populations, including not only habitat, harvest, hatcheries, and) Tj T* 0.0276 Tc -0.0036 Tw (ocean conditions, but also the variable impact of dam design and operations on) Tj T* 0.0326 Tc -0.0086 Tw (salmon. ) Tj 36 -35.76 TD 0.0257 Tc -0.0017 Tw (Fisheries scientists can contribute to the determination of dam impacts by) Tj -36 -17.88 TD 0.0115 Tc 0.0125 Tw (providing sound ecological data based on well-constructed analyses. Reporting results) Tj 0 -17.88 TD 0.036 Tc -0.012 Tw (of recent research on the impact of dams on chinook salmon \() Tj 330.72 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.023 Tc 0 Tw (Oncorhynchus) Tj -330.72 -18 TD 0.0336 Tc (tshawytcha) Tj 60.36 0 TD /F1 12 Tf 0.0135 Tc 0.0105 Tw (\) in the Columbia and Snake River systems, two fisheries scientists) Tj -60.36 -18.12 TD 0.0142 Tc 0.0098 Tw (conclude unequivocally that the four lower Snake River dams are not preventing the) Tj 0 -17.88 TD 0.0125 Tc 0.0115 Tw (recovery of salmon in Idaho. However, dams may be a factor preventing recovery in the) Tj T* 0.0209 Tc 0.0031 Tw (Upper Columbia River, upstream from the confluence with the Snake River in the) Tj T* 0.0152 Tc 0.0088 Tw (vicinity of the Tri-Cities of Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland, ) Tj 0.0676 Tc -0.0436 Tw (Washington. ) Tj 36 -35.76 TD 0.0277 Tc -0.0037 Tw (The following abstract is from the article \223Differences in the impacts of dams on) Tj -36 -17.88 TD 0.0191 Tc 0.0049 Tw (the dynamics of salmon populations\224 by Phillip S. Levin and Nicholas Tolimieri,) Tj 0 -17.88 TD 0.0277 Tc -0.0037 Tw (published in the refereed journal ) Tj 175.68 0 TD /F3 12 Tf 0.0087 Tc 0.0153 Tw (Animal Conservation) Tj 110.88 0 TD /F1 12 Tf 0.0229 Tc 0.0011 Tw ( \(2001, volume 4, issue 4,) Tj -286.56 -18 TD 0.018 Tc 0.006 Tw (abstract online\):) Tj 36 -35.76 TD 0.0129 Tc 0.0111 Tw (Modern concrete dams have devastated fish populations world-wide. However,) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0157 Tc 0.0083 Tw (dams vary greatly in how they are engineered and operated, and thus pose a) Tj 0 -14.16 TD 0.024 Tc -0 Tw (range of threats to riverine fauna. ) Tj 180.96 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0075 Tc 0.0165 Tw (Understanding the differences in the) Tj -180.96 -14.16 TD 0.0096 Tc 0.0144 Tw (impacts of dams is critical for setting conservation priorities.) Tj 348.84 0 TD /F1 12 Tf 0.1131 Tc -0.0891 Tw ( We used a) Tj -348.84 -13.8 TD 0.0251 Tc -0.0011 Tw (modified BACI \(before-after-control-impact\) sampling design as a means to) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0244 Tc -0 Tw (quantify the effects of dams on spring/summer chinook salmon in two) Tj T* 0.0152 Tc 0.0088 Tw (watersheds \(Snake and Upper Columbia Rivers\) of the Columbia River Basin,) Tj T* 0.0304 Tc -0.0064 Tw (USA. The construction of four dams in the Columbia River Basin from 1966 to) Tj T* 0.0295 Tc -0.0055 Tw (1975 allowed us to test the hypothesis that the presence of these dams does not) Tj T* 0.0274 Tc -0.0034 Tw (affect the abundance, survival and population growth of chinook salmon. In both) Tj T* 0.0209 Tc 0.0031 Tw (the Snake and Upper Columbia Rivers, there was a significant decline from the) Tj T* 0.0233 Tc 0 Tw (period before dams were constructed \(1959-65\) to the period after dams were) Tj T* 0.0148 Tc 0.0092 Tw (constructed \(1980-90\). In the Upper Columbia River, declines in productivity or) Tj T* 0.0222 Tc 0.0018 Tw (population performance \(measured as recruits per spawner or Ricker function) Tj ET endstream endobj 26 0 obj 4544 endobj 24 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F3 20 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 25 0 R >> endobj 28 0 obj << /Length 29 0 R >> stream BT 295.32 45.84 TD 0 0 0 rg /F1 12 Tf 0.032 Tc -0.008 Tw (- 3 -) Tj -187.32 663 TD 0.0186 Tc 0.0054 Tw (residuals\) were greater than in the control region. On the other hand, patterns of) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0146 Tc 0.0094 Tw (fish productivity in the Snake River were similar to those seen in the control) Tj T* 0.023 Tc 0.001 Tw (region. The disparity between fates of Upper Columbia and Snake River) Tj T* 0.0277 Tc -0.0037 Tw (populations points to the differences between regions in current efforts to reduce) Tj 0 -14.16 TD 0.0169 Tc 0.0071 Tw (fish mortality associated with dams. ) Tj 192.72 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0041 Tc 0.0199 Tw (Our analysis suggests that dams in the) Tj -192.72 -14.16 TD 0 Tc 0.024 Tw (Upper Columbia River, but not Snake River, are a potential force preventing) Tj 0 -14.16 TD -0.0029 Tc 0.0269 Tw (recovery of endangered salmon populations) Tj 252.72 0 TD /F1 12 Tf 0.0222 Tc 0.0018 Tw ( \(Levin & Tolimieri 2001, bold-) Tj -252.72 -13.8 TD 0.0398 Tc -0.0158 Tw (face added for emphasis\).) Tj 0 -27.6 TD 0.0185 Tc 0.0055 Tw (The disparity of results in fish productivity between the Upper Columbia and) Tj -36 -17.88 TD 0.0195 Tc 0.0045 Tw (Snake Rivers sections arises from differences in efforts to reduce juvenile mortality.) Tj 0 -17.88 TD 0.021 Tc 0.003 Tw (The Snake River dams have been equipped with elaborate structures to facilitate) Tj T* 0.0197 Tc 0.0043 Tw (passage of juvenile migrants, the Upper Columbia dams have not. A large portion) Tj T* 0.0217 Tc 0.0023 Tw (\(75%\) of the Snake River juveniles are collected and transported past the dams,) Tj T* 0.0191 Tc 0.0049 Tw (whereas only a small portion of the Upper Columbia juveniles have been transported,) Tj T* 0.0213 Tc 0.0027 Tw (and those that have encountered several dams without fish bypass facilities. ) Tj 36 -35.76 TD 0.0345 Tc -0.0105 Tw (What inferences can be drawn from this study about the breaching of the lower) Tj -36 -17.88 TD 0.021 Tc 0.003 Tw (Snake River dams? Here\222s what the authors of the refereed journal article said:) Tj 36 -35.76 TD 0.0209 Tc 0.0031 Tw (Dams have clearly disrupted populations of salmon and other migratory fishes. In) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0131 Tc 0.0109 Tw (the Columbia River Basin ... these dams obviously vary in the extent of their) Tj 0 -14.16 TD 0.0276 Tc -0.0036 Tw (impact. ... ) Tj 55.68 0 TD /F0 12 Tf 0.0028 Tc 0.0212 Tw (While it is difficult to demonstrate clearly the magnitude of the) Tj -55.68 -14.16 TD 0.0128 Tc 0.0112 Tw (impact of dams, our results indicate that the effects of dams will vary) Tj 0 -14.16 TD 0.0063 Tc 0.0177 Tw (depending on how they are constructed and operated.) Tj 309.84 0 TD /F1 12 Tf 0.018 Tc 0.006 Tw ( There is plainly much) Tj -309.84 -13.8 TD 0.0288 Tc -0.0048 Tw (scope for both scientific and policy debates concerning the impact of dams on) Tj 0 -13.8 TD 0.0193 Tc 0.0047 Tw (the recovery of these salmon populations. Ideally, fisheries scientists can) Tj T* 0.0236 Tc 0 Tw (contribute to the determination of dam impacts by providing sound ecological) Tj 0 -14.16 TD 0.0167 Tc 0.0073 Tw (data based on well-constructed analyses. ) Tj 224.16 0 TD /F0 12 Tf -0.005 Tc 0.029 Tw (Our analysis points to hydropower) Tj -224.16 -14.16 TD -0.0024 Tc 0.0264 Tw (systems on the Upper Columbia River, but not the Snake River, as a) Tj 0 -14.16 TD -0.0026 Tc 0.0266 Tw (potential force preventing recovery of endangered salmon populations) Tj 0 -13.8 TD /F1 12 Tf 0.0278 Tc -0.0037 Tw (\(Levin & Tolimieri 2001, bold-face added for emphasis\). ) Tj 0 -27.6 TD 0.0328 Tc -0.0088 Tw (The inference for policymakers seems clear enough. Because of efforts taken to) Tj -36 -17.88 TD 0.0134 Tc 0.0106 Tw (bypass juvenile salmon migrants around the four lower Snake River dams in) Tj 0 -17.88 TD 0.029 Tc -0.005 Tw (southeastern ) Tj 0.0216 Tc 0.0024 Tw (Washington, the dams are not currently preventing the recovery of) Tj T* 0.0334 Tc -0.0094 Tw (threatened Snake River chinook salmon populations. The same cannot be said of dams) Tj T* 0.0329 Tc -0.0089 Tw (on the Upper Columbia River, upstream from the confluence of the Snake and) Tj T* 0.015 Tc 0.009 Tw (Columbia Rivers, where dams are a potential force preventing recovery of endangered) Tj T* 0.0262 Tc -0.0022 Tw (Upper Columbia chinook salmon populations.) 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